Artificial intelligence in diagnostic medicine: a case study of kidney disease applications

Abstract

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and deep learning, has revolutionized numerous domains, ranging from medical imaging to creative arts and legal analytics. This research emphasizes the role of pre-trained CNN architectures in identifying kidney conditions, leveraging a dataset comprising images of healthy kidneys as well as those affected by cysts, tumors, and stones. The pretrained models known for their outstanding image recognition capabilities, were adapted for this classification task through transfer learning (TL) techniques. By refining these models and carefully calibrating key parameters like learning rate, batch size, and network depth, they demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional machine learning approaches. The findings underscore the transformative potential of pre-trained CNNs in advancing the precision of kidney disease diagnostics, with implications for broader medical applications.