Robust k-NN approach for classifying Aquilaria oil species by compounds

Noor Aida Syakira Ahmad Sabri, Nur Athirah Syafiqah Noramli, Nik Fasha Edora Nik Kamaruzaman, Nurlaila Ismail, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff, Ali Abd Almisreb, Saiful Nizam Tajuddin, Mohd Nasir Taib

Abstract


Accurate classification of Aquilaria oil species is essential for ensuring the quality and authenticity of agarwood oils, which are widely used in perfumes and traditional medicine. This study investigated the effectiveness of the k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) machine learning model for classifying Aquilaria oil species based on four significant chemical compounds: dihyro-βagarofuran, δ-guaiene, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, and γ-eudesmol. The dataset comprised 480 samples of Aquilaria oil, which were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The k-NN model, with an optimal k-value of 10 and using euclidean distance as the distance metric, achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision in both training and testing datasets. These results demonstrate the robustness of k-NN in species identification, highlighting the discriminative power of the selected compounds. This study verifies that the integration of chemical profiling with machine learning offers a scalable solution for accurate species identification in the essential oil industry. Future work could explore hybrid models and data expansion techniques to further enhance the classification performance in more complex environmental conditions.

Keywords


Aquilaria oil species; k-nearest neighbours; Chemical compounds; Essential oils; Machine learning

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DOI: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i1.pp178-189

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Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS)
p-ISSN: 2502-4752, e-ISSN: 2502-4760
This journal is published by the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES).

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