Engraved hexagonal metamaterials resonators antenna for bio-implantable ISM-band applic

Abstract

This study will introduce a metamaterial antenna designing for use in biomedical implants. The antenna is compact and utilizes four slot complementary metamaterial hexagonal resonators of uniform shape and size. By incorporating the metamaterial into the antenna design, its size is reduced while the performance is enhanced. Simulation results show that the antenna achieves satisfactory peak gain values of -22.6 dBi and a 34.5% increase in bandwidth. Operating within the 2.4-2.5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands, the antenna measures 7×7×1.27 mm³ and consists of substrate layers with patch radiation, four metamaterials hexagonal resonators on the upper surface, a ground layer, and a second superstrate layer. The study also addresses the challenges and problems associated with the interaction between the antenna and human tissue, while aiming to maintain antenna performance, properties, and minimize its impact on tissues. Evaluation of when using a 2.45 GHz operating frequency, the specific absorption rate (SAR) shows values of 489.87 W/kg for 1 g of averaged tissue and 53.738 W/kg for 10 g of averaged tissue. The results of placing the antenna in human skin tissue are safe for use in the human body and appropriate for biomedical applications. Simulations conducted using computer simulation technology (CST) and high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software emphasize the excellent performance of the engraved metamaterial antenna.