Predictive modelling of osteoporosis and effect of BMI on the risk of fracture in femur bone using COMSOL Multiphysics: a computational modelling approach

Abstract

This study explores the intricate relationship between osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), and the risk of femur fractures using computational modeling. Osteoporosis is a silent metabolic disorder that depletes bone density and structure, significantly increasing the risk of fractures, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the femur. To analyze the impact of mechanical stress on osteoporotic bones, COMSOL Multiphysics was utilized to simulate stress distribution in a femur under varying BMI conditions, providing valuable insights into how BMI influences bone health and fracture risk. A three-dimensional (3D) femur model was designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software, with specific material properties assigned for both healthy and osteoporotic bones. Finite element analysis was conducted by applying different load conditions, representing body weight, on the femur head. The results highlighted stress distribution and deformation patterns, identifying regions most prone to fracture. The findings demonstrate that while higher BMI typically correlates with increased bone density, it also leads to greater deformation in osteoporotic bones under stress, emphasizing the complex interplay between BMI and bone strength. These insights underscore BMI’s critical role in fracture risk management. Future research should incorporate advanced fracture mechanics models and clinical data to enhance predictive accuracy and develop targeted strategies for fracture prevention in osteoporotic patients.